What Do Worms Eat? Let’s Dig In

Article published at: Aug 25, 2023 Article author: Ozark Worm Farms, LLC.
What Do Worms Eat? Let’s Dig In
All Worm Farming

If you're starting a worm farm, there's one question that might be wriggling in your mind: What do worms eat? Before I started Ozark Worm Farms, I had no idea.

Since 2020, I’ve fed countless worms - and there was a lot of trial and error in the process. I want to spare you the headache I went through when discovering the diet of worms. It really isn’t as complicated as you think..

What Should You Feed Worms, You Ask?

Worms like a diet that consists of many organic materials that you find locally. Many times you can feed worms for free without purchasing expensive materials. Some of our free favorites are cow manure, rabbit manure, and horse manure (especially horse manure).  

There are studies that compare types of manure and what worms prefer. We are currently conducting our own studies with this. More on that later. Poorly composted manure can make the worms too hot and may die. 

An important note: It is important to pre-compost manure first to kill known pathogens. Always wear gloves. If you have a weakened immune system, wearing a mask is also important. 

Worms need a bedding source so they are free to move around to get their food.  If you do not have access to manure you can always start with something like peat moss. You can find peat moss at your local gardening store fairly easily. Many people consider this more sanitary and easier to control the worms’ environment. 

Earthworms are nature’s recyclers. They convert organic waste like decomposing vegetation into valuable soil nutrients. So, do worms eat dirt? While it might seem that way, what earthworms eat is the organic matter mixed with the soil, not the soil itself.

How Do Worms Eat?

how do worms eat

Does a worm have a mouth? Yes, they do! Earthworms have mouths that they use to intake food.

But how does a worm eat?

Worms don't have teeth like humans. Instead, they use their strong, muscular gizzard to grind up food particles.

What to Feed Worms

If you're looking for what to feed earthworms, here’s a list:

  • Fruit and vegetable scraps
  • Bread and grains
  • Kitchen scraps of unseasoned fruits and vegetables
    • (Little to no citrus, no onions, no garlic, no dairy, no spicy foods or salt)
  • Avocados
    • (We’ve found feeding worms avocados in small quantities they go crazy for! Many sites say no to this but our worms love them)
  • Lettuce
  • Cucumbers
  • Spinach
  • Kale
  • Cardboard (finely shredded)
  • Paper (shredded)
  • Straw (if finely chopped up)
  • Leaves (they really like these as part of a light airy bedding) 
  • Pumpkins (also go crazy for these)
  • Watermelon
  • Cantaloupe
  • Banana peels (they love these)
  • Egg Shells (really helps balance the soil pH)
  • Oats (throw your oatmeal leftovers straight in the bin)
  • Coffee grounds and tea bags
  • Hair and nail clippings
  • Sawdust (no treated wood)

However, worms eating plants can be choosy. It's best to avoid citrus fruits, onions, and anything too acidic or spicy.

How to Introduce a New Food into Your Worm Bin:

Introducing a new type of food to your worms is simple. Start with a small amount and monitor how quickly they consume it. If they seem to like it and there are no adverse reactions, you can gradually increase the quantity.

To learn more, simply add some material to a section of the bed and watch your worms. Sprinkle the food onto the bed and lightly water it for red wigglers to eat best.

If you have something that the worms absolutely hate they will move away from the substance. Don't feed your worms something you're unsure of, or they might leave the bin.

Also if the worms have some “wiggle room” in the test portion it can help. If they are in a small container then there is little room for error. The more space the worms have the more forgiving they are with your mistakes.

Don’t have a worm bin yet? Learn how to make a DIY worm bin.

One way we learned at Ozark Worm Farms here in Searcy, Arkansas what our worms like was by observing.

Many people have moisture sensors and other fancy devices to measure the pH of their worm bins. If you don't find these tips suitable, watch and learn while you adapt to worm farming.

Things to Watch for Your Worm Bin:

  • Odor: A healthy worm bin should have a pleasant, earthy smell. If it starts to stink, it might be too wet or there might be too much food.
  • Moisture: Earthworms need a moist environment, but not too wet. If you see water pooling, it’s time to add more dry bedding.
  • Temperature: Worms prefer temperatures between 55°F and 77°F (12°C to 25°C). Ensure they're not too hot or cold.

If your worm farm isn’t taking off as you hoped, it’s always good to do a bit of troubleshooting. So ask questions like:

  • Is the worm bin too wet or too dry?
  • Where are the worms (crawling on the sides of the bin or relaxed in their bedding?)
  • Do they favor one area of the bin more? Why?
  • Are there certain types of foods they like?
  • How do your worms look? Do the adult worms have a vibrant color or are they pale and small?
  • Do you smell something? (too much food on the bin rotting?, anaerobic conditions that the worms don’t like?)
    • Worm bins should not have an offensive odor. If they do you’ve got some troubleshooting to do. 

The only way you are going to learn is by getting a feel for what the worms like. Many people will feed and then minimally disturb the worms, but for us learning early on is more important. It is important to note that there are many different species of worms and their care needs vary by type.

The worms we farm here at our worm farm in Searcy, Arkansas are Eisenia fetida (or the red wiggler). These are hardy worms great for fishing and improving your soil. 

Think about your purpose in raising the worms. Are you trying to produce vermicast (or worm compost) quickly for use in your garden? If so then you may not want to have large sticks in your bin. It is a good rule of thumb to keep the feeding materials in the worm bed a fine consistency if possible. 

After feeding your worms for a few weeks, they make a rich material that many people use in their gardens. There are many other resources for how to use worm compost in your garden: link here. 

We hope this brief introduction to what do worms eat has been helpful. If you’ve got a question about what to feed your worms, contact us or follow us on social media.

Or just send us an email at contact@ozarkwormfarms.com.To purchase your own red wiggler worms, visit our store! These Arkansas worm farmers would love to be your supplier.

Raising worms comes with numerous benefits. Not only do they help in composting organic waste, but they also produce worm castings, a rich, natural fertilizer.

Curious about why you should consider raising worms? Learn more about the advantages here.

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